Psilocybin improved longevity and health markers in mice and cells. The findings reveal unexpected systemic benefits.
迷幻药物裸盖菇素延长了小鼠及细胞的寿命，并改善了健康指标。研究结果揭示了其意想不到的全身性益处。
As the anti-aging industry, fueled by optimism and a flood of supplements, generated more than $500 million in revenue last year, scientists at Emory University discovered a compound that directly slows aging in both cells and living organisms.
随着抗衰老产业在乐观情绪和补充剂热潮的推动下于去年创收逾5亿美元，埃默里大学的科学家发现了一种能够直接延缓细胞与生物体衰老的化合物。
In a new study published in Nature Partner Journals’ Aging, researchers show that psilocin, a metabolite formed when psilocybin (the psychoactive compound in psychedelic mushrooms) is consumed, increased the lifespan of human skin and lung cells by over 50%.
在发表于《自然合作期刊·老龄化》的一项新研究中，研究人员指出，当摄入裸盖菇素（一种存在于迷幻蘑菇中的致幻化合物）时，其代谢产物裸盖菇素醇可使人类皮肤和肺部细胞的寿命延长50%以上。
Mouse trials reveal improved survival and appearance
小鼠实验显示生存率与外观改善
At the same time, researchers carried out the first long-term in vivo study to assess how psilocybin affects the entire body in aged mice.
与此同时，研究人员首次开展了关于裸盖菇素对年老小鼠全身影响的长期体内实验研究。
The study used 19-month-old mice, which correspond to humans aged 60 to 65.
该研究使用19个月龄的小鼠，相当于人类60至65岁的年龄段。
Mice that received an initial low dose of 5 mg psilocybin followed by a monthly 15 mg dose over a 10-month period showed a 30% higher survival rate compared to untreated controls.
与未治疗对照组相比，接受初始5毫克低剂量裸盖菇素注射，随后每月给予15毫克，持续10个月的小鼠，其存活率提高了30%。
These treated mice also exhibited healthier physical traits, including better fur condition, reduced white hair, and evidence of hair regrowth.
这些接受治疗的小鼠还展现出更健康的身体特征，包括更好的毛发状态、白毛减少及毛发再生的迹象。
Although psilocybin is most commonly studied for its psychological effects, this research indicates that it also targets several key biological markers of aging.
尽管裸盖菇素的研究多聚焦于其心理效应，但本项研究表明其同样作用于多种关键衰老生物标志物。
The compound appears to reduce oxidative stress, enhance DNA repair mechanisms, and maintain telomere length.
该化合物似乎能减少氧化应激、增强DNA修复机制，并维持端粒长度。
Telomeres are protective structures at the ends of chromosomes that guard against damage and are closely linked to the development of age-associated diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disorders.
端粒是位于染色体末端的保护性结构，能防止损伤，并与癌症、神经退行性疾病及心血管疾病等年龄相关疾病的发展密切相关。
These underlying cellular processes play a critical role in both aging and disease onset.
这些潜在的细胞过程在衰老及疾病发生中起着关键作用。
Based on these findings, the study suggests that psilocybin holds promise as a groundbreaking approach to anti-aging therapies and may offer meaningful benefits for aging populations.
根据这些发现，该研究提出裸盖菇素有望成为抗衰老治疗的突破性方案，并可能为老龄群体带来实质性益处。
“Most cells in the body express serotonin receptors, and this study opens a new frontier for how psilocybin could influence systemic aging processes, particularly when administered later in life,” says Louise Hecker, PhD, senior author of the study and former associate professor at Emory University, where the work began and was funded.
“人体大多数细胞都表达5-羟色胺受体，这项研究为裸盖菇素如何影响全身衰老过程，尤其是在生命晚期给予治疗，开辟了新的领域，”该研究的高级作者、埃默里大学前副教授路易丝·赫克博士表示，该研究正是在该校启动并获得资助。
While psilocybin is often associated with its effects on the brain, its broader physiological impacts remain largely unexplored.
尽管裸盖菇素常与其对大脑的影响相关联，其更广泛的生理作用仍鲜有探索。
Despite its reputation for inducing hallucinations, the compound acts on serotonin receptors, which are found throughout the body.
尽管它因诱发幻觉而广为人知，该化合物实则作用于遍布全身的5-羟色胺受体。
Late-life interventions still show benefit
晚期干预仍显益处
“Our study opens new questions about what long-term treatments can do. Additionally, even when the intervention is initiated late in life in mice, it still leads to improved survival, which is clinically relevant in healthy aging,” adds Hecker, currently an associate professor at Baylor College of Medicine.
“我们的研究开启了关于长期治疗潜力的新问题。值得注意的是，即使在小鼠生命晚期启动干预，仍能提高其存活率，这对于健康老龄化具有重要的临床意义。”赫克补充道，她目前为贝勒医学院副教授。
This news comes on the heels of KFF’s recent report that U.S. life expectancy is still below that of other countries similar in income and size, with an average lifespan of 78.4 years, compared to 82.5 years elsewhere.
此消息正值KFF近期报告指出美国人均寿命仍低于其他同等收入与规模的国家，美国平均寿命为78.4岁，而其他国家为82.5岁。
Not only was it the lowest, but as the lifespan in similar countries increased by 7.9 years from 1980–2022, whereas the U.S. life expectancy has only increased by 4.7 years.
不仅寿命最低，而且在1980年至2022年间，其他同类国家的人均寿命增加了7.9年，而美国仅增长了4.7年。
Improved aging, not just longer life
改善衰老，而不仅仅是延长寿命
“This study provides strong preclinical evidence that psilocybin may contribute to healthier aging– not just a longer lifespan, but a better quality of life in later years,” says Director of Psychedelic Research at Emory University’s Department of Psychiatry Ali John Zarrabi, MD.
“这项研究提供了有力的临床前证据，表明裸盖菇素可能有助于更健康的衰老——不仅延长寿命，而且改善晚年生活质量。”埃默里大学精神病学系迷幻药物研究主任阿里·约翰·扎拉比医学博士表示。
“As a palliative care physician-scientist, one of my biggest concerns is prolonging life at the cost of dignity and function.
“作为一名姑息治疗的医师科学家，我最担心的是以牺牲尊严和身体功能为代价延长生命。”
But these mice weren’t just surviving longer—they experienced better aging,” adds Zarrabi, co-investigator of the study.
“但这些老鼠不仅活得更久——它们的衰老过程也更健康。”扎拉比补充说，他是该研究的共同研究者。
Zarrabi emphasized the importance of further research in older adults, as well as the well-documented overlap between physical and mental health.
扎拉比强调了在老年人群体中进一步研究的重要性，以及身体健康与心理健康之间被广泛记录的密切关系。
“Emory is actively involved in Phase II and III clinical trials of psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression, and these results suggest we also need to understand psilocybin’s systemic effects in aging populations,” says Zarrabi.
“埃默里大学正积极参与针对抑郁症的裸盖菇素辅助治疗的第二和第三阶段临床试验，这些结果表明，我们还需要了解裸盖菇素对老龄人群的系统性影响。”扎拉比说。
“My hope is also that if psilocybin-assisted therapy is approved as an intervention for depression by the FDA in 2027, then having a better quality of life would also translate into a longer, healthier life.”
“我也希望如果裸盖菇素辅助治疗在2027年被美国FDA批准用于抑郁症干预，那么更高的生活质量也能转化为更长寿、更健康的人生。”
精选词汇
【preclinical】/ˌpriːˈklɪn.ɪ.kəl/ adj.
Relating to the stage before clinical trials in medical research. 临床前的
例句：Preclinical results are often used to justify moving to human trials.
临床前的结果通常用于作为推进人体试验的依据。
【psilocybin】/ˌsɪl.əˈsaɪ.bɪn/ n.
A psychedelic compound found in certain mushrooms. 裸盖菇素（致幻成分）
例句：Psilocybin has shown promise in treating various mental health conditions.
裸盖菇素在治疗多种心理健康问题上表现出潜力。
精选词汇
【longevity】/lɒnˈdʒev.ə.ti/ n.
Long life or existence. 长寿，寿命
例句：Genetic factors play a crucial role in human longevity.
遗传因素在人类长寿中起着关键作用。
【marker】/ˈmɑː.kər/ n.
A measurable indicator of a biological state or condition. 标志物
例句：Telomere length is often used as a marker of cellular aging.
端粒长度常被用作细胞衰老的标志。
【psilocybin】/ˌsɪl.əˈsaɪ.bɪn/ n.
A psychoactive compound found in certain mushrooms. 裸盖菇素
例句：Psilocybin has shown potential in treating depression and PTSD.
裸盖菇素在治疗抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍方面显示出潜力。
【metabolite】/məˈtæb.əl.aɪt/ n.
A substance formed during metabolism. 代谢产物
例句：Psilocin is the primary metabolite responsible for psychedelic effects.
裸盖菇素醇是导致致幻效应的主要代谢产物。
【oxidative】/ˈɒk.sɪ.deɪ.tɪv/ adj.
Related to oxidation, especially as a cause of cell damage. 氧化的
例句：Oxidative stress contributes significantly to aging and disease.
氧化应激在衰老和疾病中起着重要作用。
【telomere】/ˈtel.ə.mɪər/ n.
A compound structure at the end of a chromosome. 端粒
例句：Shortened telomeres are linked to increased mortality.
端粒缩短与死亡率升高有关。
【hallucination】/həˌluː.sɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ n.
A sensory experience without external stimulus. 幻觉
例句：Hallucinations are a common effect of psychedelic drugs.
幻觉是迷幻药常见的效应之一。
【intervention】/ˌɪn.təˈven.ʃən/ n.
Action taken to improve a situation. 干预
例句：Early intervention is key in preventing cognitive decline.
早期干预对预防认知退化至关重要。
【serotonin】/ˌse.rəˈtəʊ.nɪn/ n.
A neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation. 血清素，5-羟色胺
例句：Imbalances in serotonin levels can lead to depression.
血清素水平失衡可能导致抑郁症。
【receptor】/rɪˈsep.tər/ n.
A structure that receives and transmits signals. 受体
例句：Serotonin receptors are involved in emotional regulation.
血清素受体参与情绪调节。
【systemic】/sɪˈstem.ɪk/ adj.
Relating to the whole body, not just one part. 系统性的
例句：Systemic inflammation can affect multiple organs simultaneously.
系统性炎症可同时影响多个器官。
【in vivo】/ɪn ˈviː.vəʊ/ adv.
Within a living organism. 体内
例句：In vivo studies provide crucial data on drug efficacy.
体内研究提供了药物有效性的关键数据。
【in vitro】/ɪn ˈviː.trəʊ/ adv.
Outside a living organism, in a lab. 体外
例句：The drug showed promise in vitro but failed in human trials.
该药在体外表现良好，但在人类试验中失败。
【regrowth】/ˌriːˈɡrəʊθ/ n.
The process of growing again. 再生
例句：Hair regrowth was observed in the treated mice.
在治疗小鼠中观察到毛发再生。
【physiological】/ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ adj.
Relating to bodily functions. 生理的
例句：Physiological changes occur as organisms age.
随着生物体老化，会发生生理变化。
【neurodegeneration】/ˌnjʊə.rəʊ.dɪˌdʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ n.
Progressive loss of structure or function in neurons. 神经退行性变化
例句：Alzheimer’s disease is a form of neurodegeneration.
阿尔茨海默病是一种神经退行性疾病。
【cardiovascular】/ˌkɑː.di.əʊˈvæs.kjə.lər/ adj.
Relating to the heart and blood vessels. 心血管的
例句：Cardiovascular health is vital for longevity.
心血管健康对长寿至关重要。
【compound】/ˈkɒm.paʊnd/ n.
A substance made of two or more elements. 化合物
例句：This compound influences cellular aging mechanisms.
这种化合物会影响细胞衰老机制。
【promising】/ˈprɒm.ɪ.sɪŋ/ adj.
Showing potential for success. 有前景的
例句：This is a promising lead in anti-aging research.
这是抗衰老研究中一个有前景的线索。
【clinical】/ˈklɪn.ɪ.kəl/ adj.
Relating to medical treatment. 临床的
例句：Clinical trials are underway to test psilocybin’s safety.
用于测试裸盖菇素安全性的临床试验正在进行。
【preclinical】/ˌpriːˈklɪn.ɪ.kəl/ adj.
Relating to the stage before clinical trials in medical research. 临床前的
例句：Preclinical results are often used to justify moving to human trials.
临床前的结果通常用于作为推进人体试验的依据。
【psilocybin】/ˌsɪl.əˈsaɪ.bɪn/ n.
A psychedelic compound found in certain mushrooms. 裸盖菇素（致幻成分）
例句：Psilocybin has shown promise in treating various mental health conditions.
裸盖菇素在治疗多种心理健康问题上表现出潜力。
【lifespan】/ˈlaɪf.spæn/ n.
The length of time for which a person or organism lives. 寿命，生命期
例句：Genetic factors can influence the lifespan of an individual.
遗传因素可以影响一个人的寿命。
【quality of life】/ˈkwɒl.ə.ti əv laɪf/ n.
The general well-being of individuals. 生活质量
例句：Doctors aim to improve not only survival but also the quality of life of patients.
医生的目标不仅是延长生命，也要提高患者的生活质量。
【palliative】/ˈpæl.i.ə.tɪv/ adj.
Relieving pain or alleviating a problem without dealing with the underlying cause. 缓和的，姑息的
例句：Palliative care focuses on comfort rather than cure.
姑息治疗注重的是舒适而非治愈。
【dignity】/ˈdɪɡ.nə.ti/ n.
The state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect. 尊严
例句：Patients have the right to die with dignity.
患者有权利有尊严地离世。
【function】/ˈfʌŋk.ʃən/ n.
The special purpose or activity for which something exists. 功能
例句：Cognitive function tends to decline with age.
随着年龄的增长，认知功能往往会下降。
【co-investigator】/ˌkəʊ.ɪnˈves.tɪ.ɡeɪ.tər/ n.
A scientist who collaborates in a research study. 共同研究者
例句：She served as a co-investigator on several NIH-funded projects.
她是多个美国国家卫生研究院资助项目的共同研究者。
【emphasize】/ˈem.fə.saɪz/ v.
To give special importance to something. 强调
例句：The report emphasized the need for more comprehensive data.
该报告强调需要更全面的数据。
【overlap】/ˌəʊ.vəˈlæp/ n./v.
The extent to which two things coincide or cover the same area. 重叠，交集
例句：There is a significant overlap between depression and anxiety symptoms.
抑郁症和焦虑症状之间存在明显重叠。
【systemic】/sɪˈstem.ɪk/ adj.
Affecting the whole body or an entire system. 全身性的；系统性的
例句：Systemic inflammation is a key factor in many chronic diseases.
系统性炎症是许多慢性病的关键因素。
【trial】/traɪəl/ n.
A test to assess the effectiveness of a treatment. 临床试验
例句：The vaccine is currently in its third phase of clinical trials.
该疫苗目前处于第三阶段临床试验中。
【depression】/dɪˈpreʃ.ən/ n.
A mental health disorder marked by persistent sadness. 抑郁症
例句：Long-term stress can lead to clinical depression.
长期压力可能导致临床抑郁症。
【therapy】/ˈθer.ə.pi/ n.
Treatment intended to relieve or heal a disorder. 治疗
例句：Cognitive behavioral therapy is effective for anxiety disorders.
认知行为疗法对焦虑障碍有效。
【intervention】/ˌɪn.təˈven.ʃən/ n.
Action taken to improve a situation. 干预
例句：Early intervention can significantly improve patient outcomes.
早期干预可以显著改善患者的预后。
【approve】/əˈpruːv/ v.
To officially agree or accept. 批准，认可
例句：The FDA has approved the new drug for use in adults.
美国食品药品监督管理局已批准该药物用于成年人。
【translate into】/trænsˈleɪt ˈɪn.tu/ phr.
To lead to or result in. 转化为，导致
例句：High motivation often translates into better performance.
高动机会转化为更好的表现。
【physician-scientist】/fɪˈzɪʃ.ən ˈsaɪən.tɪst/ n.
A medical doctor who conducts scientific research. 医师科学家
例句：Physician-scientists play a vital role in translational medicine.
医师科学家在转化医学中发挥着重要作用。
【documented】/ˈdɒk.jʊ.məntɪd/ adj.
Proven or supported by written records. 有文献记录的
例句：The adverse effects are well documented in medical literature.
不良反应在医学文献中有详细记录。
【actively】/ˈæk.tɪv.li/ adv.
In a way that involves energetic participation. 积极地
例句：The organization is actively recruiting volunteers.
该机构正在积极招募志愿者。
【relevant】/ˈrel.ə.vənt/ adj.
Closely connected or appropriate to the matter at hand. 相关的，有关的
例句：Only provide information that is relevant to the topic.
只提供与主题相关的信息。
【promising】/ˈprɒm.ɪ.sɪŋ/ adj.
Showing signs of future success. 有前途的
例句：This is a promising treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.
这是一种有前景的阿尔茨海默病治疗方法。
【compound】/ˈkɒm.paʊnd/ n.
A substance made from two or more elements. 化合物
例句：The new compound may be effective against viral infections.
这种新化合物可能对病毒感染有效。
【receptor】/rɪˈsep.tər/ n.
A structure in the body that responds to stimuli. 受体
例句：The drug binds to serotonin receptors in the brain.
该药物结合大脑中的5-羟色胺受体。
【disease onset】/dɪˈziːz ˈɒn.set/ n.
The beginning of a disease. 疾病发作
例句：The age of disease onset varies between individuals.
疾病发作的年龄因人而异。
【telomere】/ˈtiː.lə.mɪər/ n.
A region at the end of a chromosome. 端粒
例句：Shortened telomeres are associated with aging and cancer.
端粒缩短与衰老和癌症相关。
【oxidative stress】/ˈɒk.sɪ.də.tɪv stres/ n.
A condition involving damage by free radicals. 氧化应激
例句：Oxidative stress plays a major role in neurodegenerative diseases.
氧化应激在神经退行性疾病中起主要作用。
【DNA repair】/ˌdiː.enˈeɪ rɪˈpeə(r)/ n.
The process by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to its DNA. DNA修复
例句：Efficient DNA repair is crucial for cancer prevention.
有效的DNA修复对于预防癌症至关重要。
【serotonin】/ˌser.əˈtəʊ.nɪn/ n.
A neurotransmitter affecting mood and behavior. 血清素
例句：Low serotonin levels are linked to depression.
血清素水平低与抑郁症有关。
【physiological】/ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ adj.
Relating to the normal functions of living organisms. 生理的
例句：Physiological responses vary depending on stress levels.
生理反应因压力水平不同而有所不同。
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