本次只学习一条缺陷， 案例来自7月底香港PSC实例 ，此条缺陷（经整理）并非滞留项，感觉又多了一个“万能缺陷”，因为类似的对职业安全有影响的“缺陷”太多了，缺陷依据也似乎确实可以归类到《劳工公约》上。关于《2006年海事劳工公约》全文，在中国船东协会官网有过发布，您可点击本文文末左下方的“ 阅读原文” 获取。
缺陷代码：18499
描述：sharp edges at several lashing tool
依据：MLC 2006 Title 4
以下为劳工公约关于“ 保护健康和安全及防止事故”的部分内容。
Regulation 4.3 – Health and safety protection and accident prevention
规则 4.3 – 保护健康和安全及防止事故
Purpose: To ensure that seafarers’ work environment on board ships promotes occupational safety and health
目的：确保海员的船上工作环境有利于职业安全和健康
1. Each Member shall ensure that seafarers on ships that fly its flag are provided with occupational health protection and live, work and train on board ship in a safe and hygienic environment.
1. 各成员国应确保悬挂其旗帜的船舶上的海员得到职业健康保护，并且在一个安全和卫生的环境下在船上生活、工作和培训。
2. Each Member shall develop and promulgate national guidelines for the management of occupational safety and health on board ships that fly its flag, after consultation with representative shipowners’ and seafarers’organizations and taking into account applicable codes, guidelines and standards recommended by international organizations, national administrations and maritime industry organizations.
2. 各成员国应在与船东和海员的代表性组织协商后，并考虑到国际组织、国家管理机关和海运业的组织所建议的适用守则、导则和标准，为悬挂其旗帜的船舶制订和颁布关于职业安全和健康管理的国家导则。
3. Each Member shall adopt laws and regulations and other measures addressing the matters specified in the Code, taking into account relevant international instruments, and set standards for occupational safety and health protection and accident prevention on ships that fly its flag.
3. 各成员国应通过国家法律和条例及其他措施处理守则中规定的事项，同时考虑导相关的国际文件，并为悬挂其旗帜的船舶规定职业安全和健康保护及防止事故的标准。
Standard A4.3 – Health and safety protection and accident prevention
标准 A4.3 – 保护健康和安全及防止事故
1. The laws and regulations or other measures to be adopted in accordance with Regulation 4.3, paragraph 3, shall include the following subjects:
1. 根据规则 4.3 第 3 款通过的法律和条例或其他措施应包括以下主题：
(a) the adoption and effective implementation and promotion of occupational safety and health policies and programmes on ships that fly the Member’s flag,including risk evaluation as well as training and instruction of seafarers;
(a) 在悬挂其旗帜的船舶上通过和有效实施并促进职业安全和健康政策和计划，包括风险评估及培训和指导海员；
(b) reasonable precautions to prevent occupational accidents, injuries and diseases on board ship, including measures to reduce and prevent the risk of exposure to harmful levels of ambient factors and chemicals as well as the risk of injury or disease that may arise from the use of equipment and machinery on board ships;
(b) 采取合理预防措施，防止船上的职业事故及伤害和疾病，包括减少和防止置身于有害水平的环境因素和化学品中的风险以及由于使用船上设备和机械而可能引起的伤害和疾病的风险；
(c) on-board programmes for the prevention of occupational accidents, injuries and diseases and for continuous improvement in occupational safety and health protection,involving seafarers’ representatives and all other persons concerned in their implementation; taking account of preventive measures, including engineering and design control, substitution of processes and procedures for collective and individual tasks, and the use of personal protective equipment; and
(c) 船上防止职业事故、伤害和疾病及确保不断改善职业安全和健康保护的计划，让海员代表和所有其他有关人员参与其实施，同时考虑到预防性的措施，包括工程和设计控制、对成组或独立的任务采取替代工序或程序以及使用个人保护设备等；以及
(d) requirements for inspecting, reporting and correcting unsafe conditions and for investigating and reporting on-board occupational accidents.
(d) 关于检查、报告和纠正不安全的状况的要求以及关于调查和报告船上安全事故的要求。
2. The provisions referred to in paragraph 1 of this Standard shall:
2. 本标准第 1 款所述的规定应：
(a) take account of relevant international instruments dealing with occupational safety and health protection in general and with specific risks, and address all matters relevant to the prevention of occupational accidents, injuries and diseases that may be applicable to the work of seafarers and particularly those which are specific to maritime employment;
(a) 考虑到涉及一般性和具有特殊风险的职业安全和健康保护的相关国际文件，并应针对那些可能适用于海员工作，特别是那些海上就业所特有的与防止职业事故、伤害和疾病有关的所有事项。
(b) clearly specify the obligation of shipowners, seafarers and others concerned to comply with the applicable standards and with the ship’s occupational safety and health policy and programme with special attention being paid to the safety and health of seafarers under the age of 18;
(b) 明确规定船东、海员和其他有关人员遵守适用的标准和船上安全与健康
政策和计划的义务并特别注意 18 岁以下海员的安全和健康；
(c) specify duties of the master or a person designated by the master, or both, to take specific responsibility for the implementation of and compliance with the ship’s occupational safety and health policy and programme; and
(c) 规定船长和 ( 或 ) 船长指定的人员的职责，以承担履行和实施船舶的职业
安全和健康方针和计划的具体责任；以及
(d) specify the authority of the ship’s seafarers appointed or elected as safety representatives to participate in meetings of the ship’s safety committee. Such a committee shall be established on board a ship on which there are five or more seafarers.
(d) 规定船上被任命或选举为安全代表参与船舶安全委员会的海员的权威。
在有 5 名或以上海员的船上应成立此委员会。
3. The laws and regulations and other measures referred to in Regulation 4.3, paragraph 3, shall be regularly reviewed in consultation with the representatives of the shipowners’ and seafarers’ organizations and, if necessary, revised to take account of changes in technology and research in order to facilitate continuous improvement in occupational safety and health policies and programmes and to provide a safe occupational environment for seafarers on ships that fly the Member’s flag.
3. 规则 4.3 第 3 款中所述的法律和条例及其他措施，应与有关船东和海员的代表组织协商予以定期审查，并在必要时加以修订，以便考虑到技术和研究方面的变化，从而促进对职业安全和健康政策和计划的不断改善，并为悬挂其旗帜船舶上的海员提供一个安全的职业环境。
4. Compliance with the requirements of applicable international instruments on the acceptable levels of exposure to workplace hazards on board ships and on the development and implementation of ships’ occupational safety and health policies and programmes shall be considered as meeting the requirements of this Convention.
4. 符合适用的国际文件中关于船上工作场所中危害的可接受水平的要求以及关于制订和实施船上职业安全和健康政策和计划的要求，应被视为满足了本公约的要求。
5. The competent authority shall ensure that:
5. 主管当局应确保：
(a) occupational accidents, injuries and diseases are adequately reported,taking into account the guidance provided by the International Labour Organization with respect to the reporting and recording of occupational accidents and diseases;
(a) 考虑到国际劳工组织关于报告和记录职业事故和疾病的指导，使职业事故、伤害和疾病得到充分报告；
(b) comprehensive statistics of such accidents and diseases are kept, analysed and published and, where appropriate, followed up by research into general trends and into the hazards identified; and
(b) 此类事故和疾病的全面统计材料得以保持、分析和公布，并且在适宜时，对总体趋势和所确定的危害进行跟踪研究；以及
(c) occupational accidents are investigated.
(c) 对职业事故开展调查。
6. Reporting and investigation of occupational safety and health matters shall be designed to ensure the protection of seafarers’ personal data, and shall take account of the guidance provided by the International Labour Organization on this matter.
6. 职业安全和健康事项的报告和调查的安排应确保海员的个人资料得到保护，并应考虑到国际劳工组织关于此事项提供的指南。
7. The competent authority shall cooperate with shipowners’ and seafarers’organizations to take measures to bring to the attention of all seafarers information concerning particular hazards on board ships, for instance, by posting official notices containing relevant instructions.
7. 主管当局应与船东和海员组织合作，采取措施使所有海员注意有关船上特殊危险的信息，例如通过张贴包含相关指导的正式通知。
8. The competent authority shall require that shipowners conducting risk evaluation in relation to management of occupational safety and health refer to appropriate statistical information from their ships and from general statistics provided by the competent authority.
8. 主管当局应要求船东利用来自其船舶的统计资料和主管当局提供的一般性统计资料开展职业安全与健康管理的风险评估。
Guideline B4.3 – Health and safety protection and accident prevention
导则 B4.3 – 保护健康和安全及防止事故
Guideline B4.3.1 – Provisions on occupational accidents, injuries and diseases
导则 B4.3.1 – 关于职业事故、伤害和疾病的规定
1. The provisions required under Standard A4.3 should take into account the ILO Code of Practice entitled Accident prevention on board ship at sea and in port, 1996, and subsequent versions and other related ILO and other international standards and guidelines and codes of practice regarding occupational safety and health protection, including any exposure levels that they may identify.
1. 标准 A4.3 中的规定应考虑到标题为《 1996 年海上和港口防止船上事故》的 ILO 行为守则及其以后的版本，以及关于职业安全和健康保护的其他相关的 ILO 和其他国际标准、指南和行为守则，包括其可能确定的任何暴露水平。
2. The competent authority should ensure that the national guidelines for the management of occupational safety and health address the following matters,in particular:
2. 主管当局应确保关于职业安全和健康管理的国家指南要特别涉及以下事项：
(a) general and basic provisions;
(a) 一般和基本规定；
(b) structural features of the ship, including means of access and asbestos-related risks;
(b) 船舶结构特征，包括出入通道和与石棉有关的风险；
(c) machinery;
(c) 机器；
(d) the effects of the extremely low or high tempreture of any surfaces with which seafarers may be in contact;
(d) 海员可能会接触到的任何高温或低温表面的影响；
(e) the effects of noise in the workplace and in shipboard accommodation;
(e) 工作场所和船上起居舱室中的噪音影响；
(f) the effects of vibration in the workplace and in shipboard accommodation;
(f) 工作场所和船上起居舱室中的振动影响；
(g) the effects of ambient factors, other than those referred to in subparagraphs (e) and (f), in the workplace and in shipboard accommodation,including tobacco smoke;
(g) 工作场所和船上起居舱室内除 (e) 和 (f) 项中所述以外的环境因素的影响，包括吸烟的影响；
(h) special safety measures on and below deck;
(h) 甲板上面和下面的特别安全措施；
(i) loading and unloading equipment;
(i) 装卸设备；
(j) fire prevention and fire-fighting;
(j) 防火和灭火；
(k) anchors,chains and lines;
(k) 锚、锚链和绳索；
(l) dangerous cargo and ballast;
(l) 危险货物和压载；
(m) personal protective equipment for seafarers;
(m) 海员个人保护设备；
(n) work in enclosed spaces;
(n) 在封闭处所工作；
(o) physical and mental effects of fatigue;
(o) 疲劳对身心的影响；
(p) the effects of drug and alcohol dependency;
(p) 毒品和酒精依赖的影响；
(q) HIV/AIDS protection and prevention; and
(q) 防止和预防艾滋病毒 / 艾爱滋病；以及
(r) emergency and accident response.
(r) 应急和事故反应。
3. The assessment of risks and reduction of exposure on the matters referred to in paragraph 2 of this Guideline should take account of the physical occupational health effects, including manual handling of loads, noise and vibration, the chemical and biological occupational health effects, the mental occupational health effects, the physical and mental health effects of fatigue, and occupational accidents. The necessary measures should take due account of the preventive principle according to which, among other things, combating risk at the source, adapting work to the individual, especially as regards the design of workplaces, and replacing the dangerous by the non-dangerous or less dangerous, have precedence over personal protective equipment for seafarers.
3. 关于本导则第 2 款所述项目的风险评估和减少危险的措施应考虑到：身体方面的职业健康影响，包括人工装卸货物、噪音和振动；化学和生物方面的职业健康影响；心理方面的职业健康影响；疲劳的身心健康影响以及职业事故。必要的措施应充分考虑到预防性原则，根据这一原则，最重要的是从源头降低风险，使工作适合于个人，特别是关于工作场所的设计，优先考虑用无危险或危险性小的设计来取代危险的设计，然后再考虑海员的个人保护设备。
4. In addition, the competent authority should ensure that the implications for health and safety are taken into account, particularly in the following areas:
4. 此外，主管当局应确保特别考虑到以下方面对健康和安全的影响：
(a) emergency and accident response;
(a) 应急和事故反应；
(b) the effects of drug and alcohol dependency; and
(b) 毒品和酒精依赖的影响；以及
(c) HIV/AIDS protection and prevention.
(c) 防止和预防艾滋病毒 / 艾滋病。
休息一下~~
