That will be hard. One solution would be for countries to work together, to learn from each other and create minimum global standards. A less complex international regulatory sys­tem would also help create a market in which small companies can innovate. Poorer countries, with less developed health in­frastructure, have much to gain from introducing new tools, such as an AI-powered portable ultrasound device for obstet­rics, Because the alternative to an AI tool is often no treatment at all, they may even be able to leapfrog the entrenched health systems of rich countries—though a lack of data, connectivity and computing power will get in the way.

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