New research from Edith Cowan University has found that just one session of exercise, either resistance or high-intensity interval training, can trigger anti-cancer effects in breast cancer survivors.
伊迪斯·科文大学的一项新研究发现，仅一次锻炼，无论是阻力训练还是高强度间歇训练，都能在乳腺癌幸存者体内触发抗癌效应。
New findings from Edith Cowan University (ECU) suggest that just one session of resistance training or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may support the body’s ability to fight cancer.
伊迪斯·科文大学的新研究结果表明，仅一次阻力训练或高强度间歇训练（HIIT）就可能增强身体对抗癌症的能力。
PhD researcher Francesco Bettariga discovered that a single workout can boost the production of myokines—proteins released by muscles during exercise that are known to have anti-cancer properties.
博士研究员弗朗西斯科·贝塔里加发现，一次锻炼可以增加肌肉因子的产生——这是一种在运动中由肌肉释放的蛋白质，已知具有抗癌特性。
His data showed that these proteins could potentially slow cancer cell growth by 20-30%.
他的数据显示，这些蛋白质可能会将癌细胞的生长速度减缓20%到30%。
“Exercise has emerged as a therapeutic intervention in the management of cancer, and a large body of evidence exists that show the safety and effectiveness of exercise as medicine, either during or post cancer treatment,” Mr. Bettariga said.
贝塔里加先生表示：“运动已成为癌症治疗中的一种辅助疗法，已有大量证据表明，运动作为药物在癌症治疗期间或之后都是安全且有效的。”
In the study, breast cancer survivors participated in a one-time session of either resistance training or HIIT.
在研究中，乳腺癌幸存者接受了一次性阻力训练或HIIT训练。
Bettariga measured their myokine levels before the workout, immediately after, and again 30 minutes later.
贝塔里加分别在训练前、训练后立即以及30分钟后测量了参与者体内的肌肉因子水平。
Results showed a consistent rise in myokine levels across both types of exercise.
结果显示，两种类型的锻炼均引起了肌肉因子水平的持续上升。
A Promising Response in Cancer Survivors
癌症幸存者的积极反应
While higher levels of myokines were expected in a healthy population post a vigorous workout, Mr. Bettariga investigated whether breast cancer survivors would see the same results, given the impact that cancer treatments and cancer itself often have on the body.
尽管在健康人群中剧烈运动后出现较高的肌肉因子水平是预期之中的，贝塔里加先生仍研究了乳腺癌幸存者是否也能获得同样的效果，考虑到癌症本身和治疗对身体的影响。
“The results from the study show that both types of exercise really work to produce these anti-cancer myokines in breast cancer survivors.
“研究结果显示，这两种锻炼方式确实能在乳腺癌幸存者体内产生这些抗癌的肌肉因子。
The results from this study are excellent motivators to add exercise as standard care in the treatment of cancer,” Mr. Bettariga said.
“这些研究结果是将运动纳入癌症治疗标准护理的绝佳推动力，”贝塔里加先生说道。
He added that the long-term implications of elevated myokine levels should be further investigated, particularly in relation to cancer recurrence.
他补充说，肌肉因子水平升高的长期影响，特别是与癌症复发的关系，需要进一步研究。
Further research by Mr. Bettariga investigated how changes in body composition, following consistent exercise, could impact inflammation, which plays a key role in breast cancer recurrence and mortality by promoting tumor progression.
贝塔里加先生还进一步研究了持续锻炼后身体成分的变化如何影响炎症，而炎症在乳腺癌的复发和死亡中起着关键作用，因为它促进了肿瘤的进展。
Persistent inflammation not only promotes tumor progression by influencing cell proliferation, survival, invasiveness, and metastasis, but also inhibits immune function.
持续性炎症不仅通过影响细胞增殖、生存、侵袭性和转移来促进肿瘤发展，还会抑制免疫功能。
Given that the cancer itself and the side-effects of treatments can elevate levels of inflammatory biomarkers, survivors of breast cancer are at increased risk of cancer progression, recurrence, and mortality.
考虑到癌症本身及治疗副作用可提高炎症生物标志物水平，乳腺癌幸存者的肿瘤进展、复发和死亡风险都会增加。
Fighting Inflammation Through Body Composition
通过改善身体成分来对抗炎症
“Strategies are needed to reduce inflammation which may provide a less supportive environment for cancer progression, leading to a lower risk of recurrence and mortality in survivors of breast cancer,” Mr. Bettariga said.
贝塔里加先生说：“我们需要制定策略来降低炎症水平，从而为癌症进展提供一个不利环境，降低乳腺癌幸存者的复发和死亡风险。”
The new research found that by reducing fat mass and increasing lean mass, through consistent and persistent exercise, cancer survivors had a better chance at reducing inflammation.
新研究发现，通过持续的锻炼减少脂肪质量、增加瘦体质量，癌症幸存者更有可能减少体内炎症。
“If we are able to improve body composition, we have a better chance of decreasing inflammation because we are improving lean mass and reducing fat mass, which is responsible for releasing anti- and pro-inflammatory markers,” Mr. Bettariga said.
“如果我们能够改善身体成分，就更有可能降低炎症，因为我们增加了瘦体质量、减少了脂肪质量，而脂肪组织正是释放促炎和抗炎因子的关键来源，”贝塔里加说。
Unfortunately, quick fixes to reduce fat mass would not have the same beneficial effects, Mt Bettariga stressed.
然而，贝塔里加强调，快速减少脂肪的办法并不能带来同样的益处。
“You never want to reduce your weight without exercising, because you need to build or preserve muscle mass and produce these chemicals that you can’t do through just diet alone.”
“你永远不该单靠节食减重，因为你需要增加或维持肌肉质量，产生那些仅靠饮食无法获得的有益化学物质。”
精选词汇
【myokine】 /ˈmaɪəˌkaɪn/ n.
A protein released by muscle cells during exercise, with physiological roles including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects.
肌肉因子，一种运动中由肌肉释放的蛋白质，具有抗炎和抗癌作用。
例句：The study showed that myokines can inhibit tumor growth in breast cancer patients.
研究表明，肌肉因子可以抑制乳腺癌患者的肿瘤生长。
【interval 】training /ˈɪntəvəl ˈtreɪnɪŋ/ n.
A type of training that alternates short periods of intense activity with less intense recovery periods.
间歇训练。
例句：High-intensity interval training improves cardiovascular endurance and metabolic function.
高强度间歇训练有助于提高心血管耐力和代谢功能。
【resistance 】training /rɪˈzɪstəns ˈtreɪnɪŋ/ n.
Exercise that involves working against a force to build muscle strength.
阻力训练。
例句：Resistance training helps preserve lean mass during weight loss.
在减重过程中，阻力训练有助于保持瘦体重。
【recurrence】 /rɪˈkɜːrəns/ n.
The act of something happening again, especially a disease.
（尤指疾病）复发。
例句：Preventing cancer recurrence is a key goal of post-treatment care.
预防癌症复发是癌症治疗后的关键目标。
【mortality】 /mɔːrˈtæləti/ n.
The state of being subject to death; often used in the context of death rate.
死亡率。
例句：Exercise has been shown to reduce cancer-related mortality.
研究表明，运动可降低癌症相关死亡率。
【biomarker 】/ˈbaɪəʊˌmɑːkə(r)/ n.
A biological molecule that indicates a medical condition.
生物标志物。
例句：Inflammatory biomarkers are elevated in patients with active tumors.
活动性肿瘤患者的炎症性生物标志物水平升高。
【vigorous】 /ˈvɪɡərəs/ adj.
Strong, energetic, and active.
有力的，剧烈的。
例句：Vigorous physical activity stimulates the release of beneficial hormones.
剧烈的体育活动会刺激有益激素的释放。
【lean mass 】/liːn mæs/ n.
Body weight minus fat; includes muscle, bone, organs, and fluids.
瘦体质量。
例句：Maintaining lean mass is critical for long-term metabolic health.
维持瘦体质量对长期代谢健康至关重要。
【fat mass】 /fæt mæs/ n.
The total mass of fat in the body.
脂肪质量。
例句：Excess fat mass contributes to systemic inflammation and cancer risk.
过多的脂肪质量会导致全身性炎症和癌症风险。
【survivor】/səˈvaɪ.vər/ n.
英文解释：a person who continues to live after an illness, accident, war, etc.
中文解释：幸存者，生还者
例句：Cancer survivors often face long-term physical and emotional challenges.
癌症幸存者通常面临长期的身体和情绪挑战。
【resistance】/rɪˈzɪs.təns/ n.
英文解释：the ability not to be affected by something, especially illness or medical treatment
中文解释：抵抗力；抗性
例句：Exercise can increase resistance to chronic diseases.
锻炼可以增强对慢性疾病的抵抗力。
【interval】/ˈɪn.tə.vəl/ n.
英文解释：a short period between events or activities
中文解释：间隔；间歇
例句：High-intensity interval training has proven effective for improving cardiovascular health.
高强度间歇训练已被证实对改善心血管健康有效。
【trigger】/ˈtrɪɡ.ər/ v.
英文解释：to cause something to start
中文解释：引发；激发
例句：Stress can trigger hormonal imbalances in the body.
压力可能会引发体内激素失衡。
【myokine】/ˈmaɪ.əʊˌkaɪn/ n.
英文解释：a type of cytokine produced and released by muscle cells in response to muscular contractions
中文解释：肌源性细胞因子
例句：Myokines play a key role in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise.
肌源性细胞因子在调节运动的抗炎效果中起关键作用。
【protein】/ˈprəʊ.tiːn/ n.
英文解释：a substance found in food and body tissues essential for growth and repair
中文解释：蛋白质
例句：Proteins are essential for tissue growth and repair.
蛋白质对组织的生长和修复至关重要。
【property】/ˈprɒp.ə.ti/ n.
英文解释：a quality or characteristic that something has
中文解释：特性；属性
例句：Antioxidants have properties that help prevent cell damage.
抗氧化剂具有帮助防止细胞损伤的特性。
【therapeutic】/ˌθer.əˈpjuː.tɪk/ adj.
英文解释：relating to the treatment of illness or injury
中文解释：治疗的；有疗效的
例句：Therapeutic exercise can aid in the recovery of cancer patients.
治疗性锻炼可以帮助癌症患者康复。
【intervention】/ˌɪn.təˈven.ʃən/ n.
英文解释：the action of becoming involved in a difficult situation to improve it
中文解释：干预；介入
例句：Early intervention can significantly improve patient outcomes.
早期干预可以显著改善病人预后。
【motivate】/ˈməʊ.tɪ.veɪt/ v.
英文解释：to make someone want to do something
中文解释：激励；驱使
例句：Positive feedback can motivate patients to continue exercising.
积极反馈可以激励患者坚持锻炼。
【recurrence】/rɪˈkʌr.əns/ n.
英文解释：the process of something happening again
中文解释：复发；再次发生
例句：Preventing cancer recurrence is a key goal in long-term care.
防止癌症复发是长期护理的一个重要目标。
【composition】/ˌkɒm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ n.
英文解释：the way in which something is made up
中文解释：构成；成分
例句：Body composition is a key indicator of overall health.
身体组成是整体健康的重要指标。
【inflammation】/ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/ n.
英文解释：a localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes red, swollen, and painful
中文解释：炎症
例句：Chronic inflammation can lead to various health problems.
慢性炎症可能导致多种健康问题。
【mortality】/mɔːˈtæl.ə.ti/ n.
英文解释：the number of deaths in a particular population
中文解释：死亡率
例句：Exercise is known to reduce mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease.
锻炼已被证实可以降低心血管疾病患者的死亡率。
【proliferation】/prəˌlɪf.ərˈeɪ.ʃən/ n.
英文解释：a rapid increase in the number or amount of something
中文解释：增殖；扩散
例句：Cancer involves the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells.
癌症涉及异常细胞的失控增殖。
【survival】/səˈvaɪ.vəl/ n.
英文解释：continuing to live or exist, especially after coming close to dying or being destroyed
中文解释：生存；幸存
例句：Exercise can improve survival rates in breast cancer patients.
锻炼可以提高乳腺癌患者的生存率。
【metastasis】/məˈtæs.tə.sɪs/ n.
英文解释：the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another
中文解释：（癌细胞的）转移
例句：Preventing metastasis is a critical focus in cancer treatment.
防止癌细胞转移是癌症治疗的关键。
【immune】/ɪˈmjuːn/ adj.
英文解释：protected from disease
中文解释：免疫的
例句：Regular exercise boosts the immune system’s function.
规律锻炼可以增强免疫系统功能。
【biomarker】/ˈbaɪəʊˌmɑː.kər/ n.
英文解释：a biological molecule found in blood or tissues that is a sign of a condition or disease
中文解释：生物标志物
例句：Inflammatory biomarkers are often elevated in cancer patients.
癌症患者的炎性生物标志物通常升高。
【persistent】/pəˈsɪs.tənt/ adj.
英文解释：continuing to exist or happen, especially for longer than is usual or desirable
中文解释：持续的；顽固的
例句：Persistent inflammation can impair tissue repair.
持续性炎症可能会损害组织修复。
【lean】/liːn/ adj.
英文解释：containing little fat
中文解释：瘦的；脂肪少的
例句：Increasing lean muscle mass is beneficial for metabolic health.
增加瘦肌肉量对代谢健康有益。
【mass】/mæs/ n.
英文解释：a large amount or quantity of something
中文解释：质量；块
例句：Excess fat mass contributes to systemic inflammation.
过多的脂肪质量会加重全身性炎症。
【marker】/ˈmɑː.kər/ n.
英文解释：a sign or object that shows the position or condition of something
中文解释：标志；标记
例句：CRP is a common marker of inflammation in the body.
C反应蛋白是体内炎症的常见标志物。
【preserve】/prɪˈzɜːv/ v.
英文解释：to maintain something in its original or existing state
中文解释：保存；维持
例句：Strength training helps preserve muscle mass in aging individuals.
力量训练有助于老年人维持肌肉质量。
【chemical】/ˈkem.ɪ.kəl/ n.
英文解释：a substance used in or produced by a chemical process
中文解释：化学物质
例句：Muscles produce beneficial chemicals during exercise.
肌肉在运动过程中会产生有益的化学物质。
【strategy】/ˈstræt.ə.dʒi/ n.
英文解释：a plan of action designed to achieve a long-term goal
中文解释：策略；计划
例句：Effective strategies are needed to manage cancer-related fatigue.
需要有效策略来管理癌症相关的疲劳。
【reduce】/rɪˈdjuːs/ v.
英文解释：to make something smaller or less in size, amount, or importance
中文解释：减少；降低
例句：Aerobic exercise can reduce inflammation and stress.
有氧运动可以减少炎症和压力。
【beneficial】/ˌben.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/ adj.
英文解释：producing good or helpful results
中文解释：有益的；有利的
例句：Regular physical activity is beneficial to cardiovascular health.
规律的体育活动对心血管健康有益。
【standard】/ˈstæn.dəd/ adj.
英文解释：usual or expected; generally accepted
中文解释：标准的；常规的
例句：Exercise is now considered a standard part of cancer therapy.
锻炼现在被认为是癌症治疗的常规组成部分。
【conventional】/kənˈven.ʃən.əl/ adj.
英文解释：based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed
中文解释：传统的；常规的
例句：Some patients do not respond well to conventional treatments.
一些患者对传统治疗反应不佳。
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