The Intricate Relationship between Exercise and Aging（运动与衰老之间错综复杂的关系）
Exercise, a powerful and accessible tool, has long been recognized for its profound impact on human health, particularly in the context of aging. (运动，作为一种强大且易于获得的工具，长期以来因其对人类健康的深远影响而受到认可，尤其是在衰老的背景下。）
As the global population ages at an unprecedented rate, understanding how physical activity interacts with the aging process has become a crucial area of research.（随着全球人口以前所未有的速度老龄化，了解体育活动如何与衰老过程相互作用已成为一个关键的研究领域。)
Regular exercise combats the decline of physiological functions associated with aging. Muscles, for instance, naturally atrophy over time, a process known as sarcopenia. (定期锻炼能够对抗与衰老相关的生理功能衰退。例如，肌肉会随着时间自然萎缩，这一过程被称为肌肉减少症。）
However, strength training exercises, such as weightlifting, can stimulate muscle protein synthesis, thereby preserving muscle mass and strength. （然而，诸如举重之类的力量训练可以刺激肌肉蛋白质合成，从而保持肌肉质量和力量。)
Aerobic exercises, like running and swimming, enhance cardiovascular health. They improve heart function by increasing the hearts efficiency in pumping blood, reducing the risk of heart diseases, which are more prevalent among the elderly.(跑步和游泳等有氧运动可以增强心血管健康。它们通过提高心脏泵血效率来改善心脏功能，降低心脏病风险，而心脏病在老年人中更为普遍。）
Moreover, these exercises help regulate blood pressure and cholesterol levels, contributing to overall vascular health. （此外，这些运动有助于调节血压和胆固醇水平，对整体血管健康有益。)
Exercise also plays a vital role in maintaining bone density. As people age, bone mass gradually decreases, leading to osteoporosis.(运动在维持骨密度方面也起着至关重要的作用。随着人们年龄的增长，骨量逐渐减少，导致骨质疏松症。）
Weight-bearing exercises, including walking and hiking, apply stress to the bones, triggering the body to strengthen them, thus reducing the likelihood of fractures. （包括步行和徒步旅行在内的负重运动对骨骼施加压力，促使身体强化骨骼，从而降低骨折的可能性。)（待续）
重点词汇
1. Intricate /ˈɪntrɪkət/ adj. 复杂的；错综复杂的
2. Accessible /əkˈsesəbl/ adj. 易接近的；可进入的；可理解的
3. Profound /prəˈfaʊnd/ adj. 深刻的；意义深远的
4. Unprecedented /ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/ adj. 空前的；无前例的
5. Physiological /ˌfɪziəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 生理学的；生理的
6. Atrophy /ˈætrəfi/ v. 萎缩；虚脱
7. Sarcopenia /ˌsɑːkəˈpiːniə/ n. 肌肉减少症
8. Synthesis /ˈsɪnθəsɪs/ n. 综合；合成
9. Cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdiəʊˈvæskjələ(r)/ adj. 心血管的
10. Prevalent /ˈprevələnt/ adj. 流行的；普遍的
11. Osteoporosis /ˌɒstiəʊpəˈrəʊsɪs/ n. 骨质疏松症
12. Cognitive /ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv/ adj. 认知的；认识的
