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【Psychopaths don’t just think differently—their brains are physically wired wrong, and scientists can now see exactly where the problems lie.】
精神病患者不仅思维方式不同——他们的大脑结构本身就存在物理性的异常，现在科学家已经能够准确地定位这些问题所在。
【A comprehensive analysis of brain imaging studies reveals that psychopathic individuals have measurably different brain structures compared to normal people.】
对脑成像研究的全面分析表明，精神病个体的大脑结构与正常人存在可测量的差异。
【Most striking is that psychopaths have 1.45% smaller total brain volume, particularly in areas crucial for social behavior, emotion, and self-control.】
最令人震惊的是，精神病患者的大脑总体体积比常人小1.45%，尤其是在那些对社交行为、情绪和自我控制至关重要的区域。
【Researchers at Nanyang Technological University found that psychopaths actually have one brain region that’s abnormally large—the striatum is 10% bigger than normal.】
南洋理工大学的研究人员发现，精神病患者确实有一个脑区异常地大——他们的纹状体比常人大10%。
【This area controls decision-making, motivation, and reward perception, which explains why psychopaths often make impulsive choices driven by immediate gratification.】
这个区域负责控制决策、动机与奖赏感知，这解释了为什么精神病患者经常做出由即时满足驱动的冲动性选择。
【Psychopaths have severely reduced connections between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and other brain regions.】
精神病患者的腹内侧前额叶皮层与其他脑区之间的连接显著减少。
【This area normally helps us make moral decisions and learn from emotional experiences.】
这个区域通常帮助我们做出道德判断并从情感经历中学习。
【When researchers showed psychopaths disturbing images of moral violations and fearful faces, their amygdala—the brain’s emotional center—barely responded.】
当研究人员向精神病患者展示令人不安的道德违背画面或恐惧的面孔时，他们的大脑情感中枢——杏仁核——几乎没有反应。
【The more psychopathic traits someone scored on clinical tests, the less their amygdala activated.】
一个人在临床测试中表现出越多的精神病特征，他们的杏仁核激活程度就越低。
【It’s as if their brains simply don’t register emotional distress in others.】
仿佛他们的大脑根本无法感知他人的情绪痛苦。
【The research shows psychopaths have damaged white matter connections that normally carry signals between the prefrontal cortex and limbic system.】
研究表明，精神病患者的大脑白质连接受损，这些连接通常负责传递前额叶皮层与边缘系统之间的信号。
【Without these neural highways functioning properly, psychopaths can’t integrate emotional learning into future decisions or adequately assess consequences.】
缺乏这些正常运作的神经通路，精神病患者无法将情绪学习整合进未来的决策中，也无法充分评估后果。
精选词汇
【psychopath】/ˈsaɪkəˌpæθ/ n. A person with a chronic mental disorder marked by amoral or antisocial behavior. 精神病患者
例句：The film portrayed a psychopath who manipulated everyone around him.
这部电影描绘了一位操控身边所有人的精神病患者。
【wired】/ˈwaɪərd/ adj. Connected or structured in a particular way (especially in terms of the brain). （大脑）结构特定的，布线的
例句：Some people are simply wired to be more risk-averse than others.
有些人天生对风险更敏感。
【comprehensive】/ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/ adj. Thorough and all-encompassing. 全面的，综合的
例句：The report provides a comprehensive overview of the neural mechanisms of empathy.
这份报告全面概述了同理心的神经机制。
【reveal】/rɪˈviːl/ v. To show or make known something previously hidden. 揭示，透露
例句：Brain scans reveal structural differences in patients with neurological disorders.
脑部扫描揭示了神经系统疾病患者的结构差异。
【measurably】/ˈmeʒərəbli/ adv. In a way that can be quantified. 可测量地，明显地
例句：His memory improved measurably after cognitive training.
在接受认知训练后，他的记忆力有了明显提升。
【striking】/ˈstraɪkɪŋ/ adj. Noticeably impressive or unusual. 显著的，引人注目的
例句：There’s a striking contrast between the brains of healthy individuals and those with PTSD.
健康人和患创伤后应激障碍者的大脑之间存在显著差异。
【volume】/ˈvɒljuːm/ n. The amount of space something occupies. 体积
例句：Reduced brain volume has been associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders.
大脑体积缩小与多种神经发育障碍有关。
【crucial】/ˈkruːʃəl/ adj. Extremely important. 至关重要的
例句：The hippocampus plays a crucial role in memory formation.
海马体在记忆形成中起着关键作用。
【striatum】/straɪˈeɪtəm/ n. A subcortical part of the forebrain involved in reward and movement. 纹状体
例句：Addiction is closely linked to abnormal activity in the striatum.
上瘾行为与纹状体异常活动密切相关。
【gratification】/ˌɡrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ n. Satisfaction or pleasure. 满足，喜悦
例句：Delaying gratification is a marker of strong impulse control.
延迟满足感是良好冲动控制的标志。
【impulsive】/ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/ adj. Acting without thinking. 冲动的
例句：Psychopaths are prone to impulsive behaviors that disregard consequences.
精神病患者容易做出不顾后果的冲动行为。
【ventromedial prefrontal cortex】/ˌvɛntrəʊˈmiːdiəl ˈpriːˌfrɒntəl ˈkɔːteks/ n. 腹内侧前额叶皮层
A brain region involved in emotional regulation and moral reasoning.
例句：Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex impairs empathy and ethical judgment.
腹内侧前额叶皮层受损会影响共情能力与道德判断。
【moral】/ˈmɒrəl/ adj. Concerned with principles of right and wrong. 道德的
例句：Mature adults rely on moral reasoning when making decisions.
成熟的成年人在做决定时依靠道德判断。
【amygdala】/əˈmɪɡdələ/ n. A brain structure involved in emotion and fear. 杏仁核
例句：The amygdala is hyperactive in individuals with anxiety disorders.
患有焦虑障碍的人杏仁核活动过度。
【distress】/dɪˈstres/ n. Extreme anxiety, sorrow, or pain. 痛苦，苦恼
例句：Victims of trauma may not recognize distress cues in others.
创伤受害者可能无法识别他人的痛苦信号。
【white matter】/waɪt ˈmætə/ n. 白质（大脑中传递神经信号的部分）
Myelinated neural pathways in the brain.
例句：Aging is associated with degeneration of white matter in the brain.
大脑白质随着年龄增长而退化。
【limbic system】/ˈlɪmbɪk ˈsɪstəm/ n. 边缘系统
A group of brain structures involved in emotion, memory, and behavior.
例句：The limbic system regulates basic emotions such as fear and pleasure.
边缘系统调节诸如恐惧与快感等基本情绪。
【neural】/ˈnjʊərəl/ adj. Related to the nervous system. 神经的
例句：The therapy aims to stimulate neural growth after injury.
该疗法旨在促进损伤后的神经生长。
【integrate】/ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/ v. To combine into a whole. 整合，融合
例句：Patients with prefrontal damage fail to integrate emotion into decision-making.
前额叶损伤患者无法将情绪整合进决策过程。
【assess】/əˈses/ v. To evaluate or estimate. 评估
例句：Doctors must assess a patient’s behavior holistically.
医生必须全面评估患者的行为。
